Summary
In Anetakis v. Salvation Army, 191 Pa. Super. 268, 156 A.2d 590, this Court sustained a finding of the Board that the claimant was "off limits" when he went to a snack bar 1/8 of a mile out of camp for lunch after putting his charges to bed, although he had permission to go there.
Summary of this case from Goodman v. Univ. Shop, Inc. (et al.)Opinion
November 13, 1959.
December 17, 1959.
Workmen's Compensation — Course of employment — Injury off premises of employer — Employe serving own convenience — Counselor at camp — Referee — Board — Evidence — Findings of fact — Appellate review.
1. In this case, in which it appeared that claimant, who was employed as a counselor at a summer camp for boys, left the camp at night time and went to a snack bar for something to eat; that the snack bar was off limits for counselors by order of the camp director, but claimant testified that he had asked and secured permission from an assistant director to make the trip; and that, while claimant was on his way back to the camp from the snack bar, he fell down a cliff and was injured; it was Held that the board's finding, that at the time of the accident claimant was serving his own convenience and not furthering the business of his employer, could be sustained without capricious disregard of the evidence.
2. Where an injury occurs off the premises of the employer, compensation may not be awarded unless the employe was actually furthering the employer's business.
3. Findings of the Workmen's Compensation Board on appeal are binding on the reviewing court, if supported by competent evidence.
4. Where the board rejects a claim, it is not the province of the court below to weigh the testimony and decide whether it would have made the same decision; it can set aside the findings of the board refusing compensation only if they are inconsistent with each other or with its conclusions of law and its order, or if they cannot be sustained without a capricious disregard of the evidence.
5. The credibility of witnesses, the weight of their testimony, and the reasonable inferences to be drawn therefrom are for the board, and it is the duty of the appellate court to view the evidence in the light most favorable to the party in whose favor the board has found.
6. The referee is only the agent or representative of the board and the board may disregard his findings and establish its own.
Before HIRT, GUNTHER, WRIGHT, WOODSIDE, ERVIN, and WATKINS, JJ. (RHODES, P.J., absent).
Appeal, No. 137, April T., 1959, from judgment of Court of Common Pleas of Westmoreland County, July T., 1958, No. 569, in case of John Anetakis v. The Salvation Army. Judgment reversed.
Appeal by claimant from decision of Workmen's Compensation Board refusing award.
Order entered sustaining appeal and directing judgment for claimant, opinion by O'CONNELL, P.J. Defendant appealed.
C. Dale Blair, with him Fink Jennings, for appellant.
Edward B. Doran, for appellee.
Argued November 13, 1959.
In this workmen's compensation case, the claimant John Anetakis, was employed as a counselor at a summer camp for underprivileged boys, operated by the Salvation Army. On August 27, 1954, at or about 10:30 p.m., the claimant and several other counselors, after having put their charges to bed decided to leave the camp and go to a snack bar for something to eat. According to the record this snack bar was "off limits" for counselors by order of the camp director and he so testified, but the claimant testified that he had asked and secured permission from an assistant director to make the trip. After being at the snack bar for about one hour the group started back to the camp and when at a point about 1/8 of a mile from the camp the claimant sustained a severe fall over the edge of a road down a cliff whereby he suffered serious injuries.
The issue in this case revolves around the referee's seventh finding of fact which reads as follows: "Seventh: That after careful consideration of all the facts in this case, your Referee is of the opinion, and so finds as a fact, that the claimant sustained all of these injuries by accident while he was engaged in his duties as a camp counselor for the Salvation Army at Camp Allegheny, Ellwood City, Pa." Based on this finding the referee found that claimant was entitled to benefits.
On appeal to the board the referee's seventh finding of fact and the conclusions of law based thereon were vacated and the board substituted the following: "Seventh: At the time of the occurrence of the accident herein, claimant was not actually furthering the business of defendant employer, but was merely serving his own convenience in obtaining refreshments at a snack bar located approximately 1/4 mile from the employer's premises." And also substituted the following conclusion of law. "Second: The accident having occurred off the employer's premises and at a time when the claimant was engaged in serving his own convenience and not that of the employer, he is not entitled to recovery."
On appeal to the Court of Common Pleas of Westmoreland County the court below reversed the board and, by its finding that the claimant was entitled to benefits, in effect reinstated the finding of the referee, and entered judgment in favor of the claimant and against the defendant. This appeal followed.
We have repeatedly held that the findings of the Workmen's Compensation Board on appeal are binding on the reviewing court, if supported by competent evidence. When the board sustains the claim for compensation and makes an award, the authority of the court is limited to a determination whether there is substantial, competent evidence to sustain the award. If however the board, as here, rejects the claim, it is not the province of the Court to weigh the testimony and decide whether it would have made the same decision. It can set aside the findings of the board refusing compensation only if they are inconsistent with each other or with its conclusions of law and its order, or if they cannot be sustained without a capricious disregard of the evidence. Hudek v. United Eng. Fdy. Co., 152 Pa. Super. 493, 33 A.2d 41 (1943); Standish Unemployment Compensation Case, 189 Pa. Super. 471, 151 A.2d 842 (1959). "The credibility of witnesses, the weight of their testimony, and the reasonable inferences to be drawn therefrom are for the Board, and it is our duty to view the evidence in the light most favorable to the party in whose favor the Board has found: Pierce Unemployment Compensation Case, 189 Pa. Super. 246, 150 A.2d 148." Busfield Unemployment Compensation Case, 191 Pa. Super. 43, 155 A.2d 436 (1959).
We have also repeatedly held that the referee is only the agent or representative of the Board and that the Board may disregard his findings and establish its own. "When the board reverses or sets aside a finding of fact of a referee, that finding is thereafter of no force and effect whatever." Hudek v. United Eng. Fdy. Co., supra. The board is the ultimate fact finding body. Davidson Unemployment Compensation Case, 189 Pa. Super. 543, 549, 151 A.2d 870 (1959); Cade Unemployment Compensation Case, 191 Pa. Super. 3, 155 A.2d 459 (1959).
The competent evidence upon which the board's pertinent finding of fact is predicated is the testimony in the record that the duties of the camp counselor involved 24-hour duty; that the counselor had been advised by the camp director that the snack bar itself was strictly "off limits" and that a counselor was not supposed to go there; that the claimant asked for and secured permission from an assistant director to go to the snack bar; and that the accident occurred while he was away from the camp to obtain refreshments for himself and was not at that time subject to call as required by his 24-hour duty.
Where the injury occurs off the premises of the employer compensation may not be awarded unless the employee was actually furthering the employer's business. Rybitski v. Lebowitz, 175 Pa. Super. 265, 104 A.2d 161 (1954). In this case it was held that the decedent was not furthering the employer's business when it appeared he was killed while returning from a restaurant where he had gone for lunch with the permission of the employer. "`. . . if the act in which the employee was engaged when injured off the premises, was not connected with the employer's business, it must appear that the employer ordered or directed the act. Merely permitting the employee to do the act without directing or ordering its performance will not support an award. Gibson v. Blower's Paint Service, 140 Pa. Super. 216, 14 A.2d 154.'" Taylor v. Ewing, 166 Pa. Super. 21, 70 A.2d 456 (1950).
We agree with the board that: "The record is devoid of evidence to support a finding that claimant at the time he met with this unfortunate accident was `actually furthering his employer's business'. On the contrary, the evidence is uncontradicted that claimant, while on his visit to the snack bar, was merely serving his own convenience." So most certainly the board's finding can be sustained without a capricious disregard of the competent evidence.
Judgment reversed and directed to be entered for the defendant.