Summary
finding prison's six-month failure to respond to an inmate grievance rendered prisoner's administrative remedies unavailable
Summary of this case from Holmes v. EstockOpinion
No. 15-56057
12-14-2016
Kevin Lamarr ANDRES, Plaintiff–Appellant, v. MARSHALL, Correctional Officer at RJ Donovan; R. Olson, CCII Appeals Coordinator; J. Ramirez, CCII Appeals Coordinator; Briggs, Chief of Appeals, Defendants–Appellees.
Kevin Lamarr Andres, Imperial, California, pro se Plaintiff-Appellant. Sylvie P. Snyder and Neah Huynh, Deputy Attorneys General; Jonathan L. Wolff, Senior Assistant Attorney General; Office of the Attorney General, San Diego, California; for Defendants-Appellees.
Kevin Lamarr Andres, Imperial, California, pro se Plaintiff-Appellant.
Sylvie P. Snyder and Neah Huynh, Deputy Attorneys General; Jonathan L. Wolff, Senior Assistant Attorney General; Office of the Attorney General, San Diego, California; for Defendants-Appellees.
Before: J. Clifford Wallace, Edward Leavy, and Raymond C. Fisher, Circuit Judges.
OPINION
PER CURIAM:
California state prisoner Kevin Lamarr Andres appeals pro se from the district court's summary judgment in his 42 U.S.C. § 1983 action alleging excessive force. We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291. We review de novo legal rulings on exhaustion. Albino v. Baca , 747 F.3d 1162, 1171 (9th Cir. 2014). We vacate and remand.
We address Andres' remaining claims in a concurrently filed memorandum disposition.
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This action arises from Andres' allegations that defendant Marshall used excessive force against him on January 23, 2013, while Andres was incarcerated at the Donovan Correctional Facility ("DCF"). Two days after the incident, Andres filed a 602 grievance regarding the alleged excessive force, but never received a response from DCF staff.
On April 4, 2013, Andres filed a petition for writ of habeas corpus in state court regarding his attempt to exhaust his excessive force claim. On July 24, 2013, Andres filed his original complaint in the instant action, alleging, in part, an excessive force claim and arguing that his administrative remedies were effectively unavailable because DCF failed to process his 602 grievance. On August 22, 2014, the state habeas court held an evidentiary hearing and granted Andres' petition, finding that Andres had timely filed a grievance and ordering DCF to accept and process Andres' 602 appeal.
Following the grant of Andres' habeas petition, the parties requested that the district court take judicial notice of the state habeas proceedings. In December 2014, the magistrate judge recommended that the district court dismiss the excessive force claim for failure to exhaust because exhaustion was not complete at the time Andres filed this action. In March 2015, the district court adopted the magistrate judge's recommendation and dismissed the claim under McKinney v. Carey , 311 F.3d 1198 (9th Cir. 2002). The district court never formally ruled on the judicial notice request, but the record makes clear that the court considered the state court documents. We therefore treat those documents as part of the record on appeal. In June 2015, the district court entered judgment.
The Prison Litigation Reform Act ("PLRA") states that "[n]o action shall be brought with respect to prison conditions under section 1983 of this title, or any other Federal law, by a prisoner ... until such administrative remedies as are available are exhausted." 42 U.S.C. § 1997e(a). In McKinney , we addressed the question of whether a district court must dismiss an action involving prison conditions when the plaintiff had not exhausted his administrative remedies prior to filing suit but was in the process of doing so when a motion to dismiss was filed. See id. at 1199. We concluded that exhausting available remedies during the course of litigation did not comply with § 1997e(a)'s requirements and held that a plaintiff must exhaust his administrative remedies prior to filing suit. See id.
We have also recognized that the PLRA does not require exhaustion when circumstances render administrative remedies "effectively unavailable." Nunez v. Duncan , 591 F.3d 1217, 1226 (9th Cir. 2010). In Ross v. Blake , the Supreme Court agreed, holding that § 1997e(a) requires an inmate to exhaust only those grievance procedures "that are capable of use to obtain some relief for the action complained of." ––– U.S. ––––, 136 S.Ct. 1850, 1859, 195 L.Ed.2d 117 (2016) (citation and internal quotation marks omitted). By way of a non-exhaustive list, the Court recognized three circumstances in which an administrative remedy was not capable of use to obtain relief despite being officially available to the inmate: (1) when the administrative procedure "operates as a simple dead end" because officers are "unable or consistently unwilling to provide any relief to aggrieved inmates"; (2) when the administrative scheme is "so opaque that it becomes, practically speaking, incapable of use" because "no ordinary prisoner can discern or navigate it"; and (3) when prison administrators "thwart inmates from taking advantage of a grievance process through machination, misrepresentation, or intimidation." Id. at 1859–60.
Andres argues that his administrative remedies for his excessive force claim were rendered effectively unavailable by defendants' actions. We agree. The state habeas court held an evidentiary hearing and found that defendants improperly failed to process Andres' timely filed grievance. Under the circumstances present here, Andres exhausted his available administrative remedies prior to filing suit, thereby satisfying Ross and McKinney . When prison officials fail to respond to a prisoner's grievance within a reasonable time, the prisoner is deemed to have exhausted available administrative remedies within the meaning of the PLRA. We reverse the district court's dismissal of Andres' excessive force claim for failure to exhaust, vacate the judgment and remand for further proceedings.
Appellees shall bear the costs on appeal.