Opinion
Argued February 24, 1947
Decided May 22, 1947
Appeal from the Supreme Court, Appellate Division, First Department, SHIENTAG, J.
Hyman N. Glickstein and Daniel W. Meyer for plaintiffs, appellants and respondents. Edmond B. Butler, Edward T. Galloway and Joseph E. Swierzbinski for International Hod Carriers', Building and Common Laborers' Union of America, appellant, and Joseph V. Moreschi, respondent, appearing specially.
This case calls upon us for a construction of the following provision of section 229-b of the Civil Practice Act: "When any natural person or persons not residing in this state shall engage in business in this state, in any action against such person or persons arising out of such business, the summons may be served by leaving a copy thereof with the complaint with the person who, at the time of service, is in charge of any business in which the defendant or defendants are engaged within this state * * *." Whether the phrase "any natural person or persons", as so used in section 229-b, includes an unincorporated association is the first question to be determined.
Section 229-b does not stand alone. It is part of article 25 of the Civil Practice Act in which sections 218-235 are grouped under the heading "SUMMONS". Section 225 regulates "Personal service of summons upon a natural person." Section 230 deals with orders for substituted service of a summons upon an "unincorporated association having a president or treasurer residing within the state, or a natural person residing within the state". Section 231 fixes the manner of making substituted service of a summons upon an "unincorporated association" or "a natural person". Section 232-a, which lists the persons against whom an order for service of a summons by publication may be made, is divided into eleven subdivisions. Subdivision 2 has reference to an "unincorporated association having a president and treasurer neither of whom is a resident of this state", while subdivision 5 is concerned with a party who "is a natural person and is not a resident of the state". Thus in article 25 of the Civil Practice Act, the Legislature at every turn has discriminated an "unincorporated association" from "a natural person" for the purposes of a statutory systematizing of the matter of service of a summons. In the face of that structure of article 25, we cannot assume that the phrase "any natural person or persons", as used in section 229-b, was meant to be so drawn out that it would cover unincorporated associations.
The present action was brought against "JOSEPH V. MORESCHI, individually and as President of International Hod Carriers', Building and Common Laborers' Union of America, and INTERNATIONAL HOD CARRIERS', BUILDING AND COMMON LABORERS' UNION OF AMERICA". The defendant International Union is an unincorporated association. Service of the summons upon the defendant Moreschi as its president (see General Associations Law, § 13) and upon the defendant Moreschi individually was made in accordance with section 229-b of the Civil Practice Act. Both defendants appeared specially and moved to vacate such service. In the courts below, the motion made by the defendant Moreschi individually was granted and the motion made by the defendant International Union was denied. The case is now here upon cross appeals.
On their appeal, the plaintiffs submit, among others, the following question certified: "5. Upon the record herein, was the service of process upon the defendant Joseph V. Moreschi, individually, valid?" We answer "No", since the courts below have found that the defendant Moreschi was not engaged in business in this State in his individual capacity and we cannot declare the contrary of that finding as matter of law.
On the appeal of the defendant International Union, that defendant submits, among others, the following questions certified: "(1) Was the International Hod Carriers', Building and Common Laborers' Union of America a natural person or persons within the meaning of Section 229-b of the Civil Practice Act, and was it intended to be included within the provisions of Section 229-b of the Civil Practice Act?" "(9) Upon the record was the attempted service of process on Joseph V. Moreschi as President of the International Hod Carriers', Building and Common Laborers' Union of America, and the International Hod Carriers', Building and Common Laborers' Union of America valid?" Disagreeing with the courts below, we answer "No" to both questions, because, as we have tried to show, section 229-b of the Civil Practice Act was not intended to have application to actions against unincorporated associations.
On the plaintiffs' appeal: The orders so far as appealed from should be affirmed, with costs; the fifth question certified is answered in the negative; the other questions certified are not answered.
On the appeal of the defendant International Union: The orders so far as appealed from should be reversed and the motion of the defendant International Union should be granted, with costs; the first and ninth questions certified are answered in the negative; the other questions certified are not answered.
LOUGHRAN, Ch. J., LEWIS, CONWAY, DESMOND, THACHER, DYE and FULD, JJ., concur.
Ordered accordingly.