Opinion
No. 01-09-00220-CV
Opinion issued June 24, 2010.
On Appeal from the 369th District Court Anderson County, Texas, Trial Court Case No. 369-08-3875.
This case was transferred to this Court from the Twelfth Court of Appeals pursuant to an order from Supreme Court of Texas, Misc. Docket No. 08-9177.
Panel consists of Justices JENNINGS, ALCALA, and MASSENGALE.
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Appellant, Fred Franklin Alexander, appeals the trial court's order dismissing his suit for being frivolous or malicious. In a single issue, Alexander contends he alleged a cause of action for deprivation of his right of access to the courts by appellee, Lisa D. Green, a correctional officer at the prison unit in which Alexander is incarcerated. We conclude the trial court properly dismissed Alexander's suit. We affirm.
Background
Alexander filed suit alleging that Green wrongfully denied him access to the library on August 1, 2008, when he was scheduled for a two-hour session. Alexander filed a grievance complaining of this alleged violation of his right to access to the courts. After the grievance system determined that Alexander was denied access to the law library for failing to follow proper orders given by the law library staff and that no further action was warranted, Alexander filed this suit against Green in district court. The district court entered an "Order of Dismissal." The district court stated it found Alexander's claims "to be frivolous and malicious" and dismissed the suit without prejudice.
Dismissal of Frivolous Lawsuit
In a single issue, Alexander contends the trial court erred by dismissing his lawsuit as "frivolous or malicious."
A. Law Concerning Inmate Litigation
Chapter 14 of the Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code, entitled "Inmate Litigation," applies to a lawsuit brought by an inmate if the inmate seeks to proceed in forma pauperis by filing an affidavit or unsworn declaration of inability to pay costs. TEX. CIV. PRAC. REM. CODE ANN. § 14.002 (Vernon 2002). Under Chapter 14, a trial court may dismiss a lawsuit that is malicious or frivolous. TEX. CIV. PRAC. REM. CODE ANN. § 14.003 (Vernon 2002); Scott v. Gallagher, 209 S.W.3d 262, 265 (Tex. App.-Houston [1st] 2006, no pet.). A trial court has discretion whether or not to hold a hearing when dismissing a suit pursuant to Chapter 14. Scott, 209 S.W.3d at 266; (citing Moreland v. Johnson, 95 S.W.3d 392, 394 (Tex. App.-Houston [1st Dist.] 2002, no pet.)); TEX. CIV. PRAC. REM. CODE ANN. § 14.003(c) ("the court may hold a hearing") (emphasis added). When the trial court does not hold a hearing before dismissing a lawsuit as malicious or frivolous, our review focuses on whether the inmate's lawsuit has an arguable basis in law, which we review de novo. Scott, 209 S.W.3d at 266 (citing Moreland, 95 S.W.3d at 394). A claim has no arguable basis in law if it is an "indisputably meritless legal theory." Scott, 209 S.W.3d at 265 (quoting Minix v. Gonzales, 162 S.W.3d 635, 637 (Tex. App.-Houston [14th Dist.] 2005, no pet.)).
In conducting our de novo review, we take as true the allegations of the inmate's petition. Scott, 209 S.W.3d at 266. In other words, we review the inmate's petition to determine whether, as a matter of law, it states a cause of action that would authorize relief. Id. (citing Lentworth v. Trahan, 981 S.W.2d 720, 722 (Tex. App.-Houston [1st] 1998, no pet.)). A court may not dismiss an inmate's lawsuit simply because it thinks that the inmate's allegations are "unlikely." Id. (citing Minix, 162 S.W.3d at 637).
B. Law Concerning Access to Courts
Prisoners have a constitutional right of access to the courts. Thomas v. Brown, 927 S.W.2d 122, 125 (Tex. App.-Houston [14th] 1996, writ denied) (citing Bounds v. Smith, 430 U.S. 817, 822, 97 S. Ct. 1491, 1495 (1977)). This access must be adequate, effective, and meaningful. Id. (citing Bounds, 430 U.S. at 822, 97 S. Ct. at 1495). This right may be satisfied by access to a law library. Id. (citing Bounds, 430 U.S. at 830-31, 97 S. Ct. at 1499-1500).
In asserting a claim of deprivation of access to the courts based on denial of access to a law library, an inmate must allege harm. Drecker v. Dunbar, 200 S.W.3d 807, 811 (Tex. App.-Texarkana 2006, pet. denied); see Thomas, 927 S.W.2d at 126 ("A prisoner contending that his right of access to the courts was violated because of inadequate access to a law library must establish two elements: (1) the access was so limited as to be unreasonable and (2) the inadequate access caused him actual injury."). This is usually done by alleging that some claim or defense in court was impacted. See Drecker, 200 S.W.3d at 811; see also Brewer v. Simental, 268 S.W.3d 763, 771 n. 2 (Tex. App.-Waco 2008, no pet.) (stating "actual injury" due to deprivation of access to law library is usually shown by "legal prejudice in the litigation the inmate is involved in").
C. Analysis
The requirements of Chapter 14 apply to this lawsuit filed by Alexander, an inmate presently incarcerated within the Texas Department of Criminal Justice who has filed an unsworn declaration requesting permission to proceed in forma pauperis. Because the trial court did not conduct a fact hearing before dismissing Alexander's suit, we review Alexander's petition de novo to determine only whether it had an arguable basis in law. See Scott, 209 S.W.3d at 266; Moreland, 95 S.W.3d at 394.
In his petition, Alexander alleged,
On August 1, 2008; I, "Fred Franklin Alexander," had been scheduled to use the law library here on the Coffield Unit between the hours of 4:30 AM until 6:30 AM . . . [sic] Upon my arrived approximately at 4:40 AM., I knocked on the closed law Library Door at which time Law Library supervisor Officer Lisa D. Green — CO V., came to the door and ask where are you coming from. . [sic] I responded U-Wing. Officer Green, said, I have already checked in the Law Library Session and closed this door, you are "ordered" to leave. . [sic] Therefore, Officer Green, "deprived me of a session in the prison law library which was to have lasted for two hours" . . . [sic] Officer Green, "did in fact displayed a willful, wanton, or reckless indifference toward my interest to be free from deprivation of daily access to the library without due process;" "she arbitrarily infringed upon my right to attend a daily session at the library; that she willfully, wantonly, or recklessly breached her duty of care to assure me daily access to the library; and she knew or reasonably should have known that her practice maliciously infringed upon my access to the courts. Ms. Green actions violated Texas Constitution Article 1, section 9; Penal Code section 39.021(A)(2); and TDCJ-ID Rule AM 03.81.030.
Alexander did not allege any actual harm or any prejudice in litigation in which he was involved. Alexander's petition, therefore, does not allege an element necessary to establish his claim. We conclude the trial court properly dismissed Alexander's claim as frivolous. See Drecker, 200 S.W.3d at 811 (affirming dismissal as frivolous inmate's claims of deprivation of access to law library where inmate did not allege "his efforts to pursue a legal claim or defense in court were in any way impeded"); see also Scott, 209 S.W.3d at 267-68 (affirming dismissal as frivolous inmate's claims of "civil assault and battery" where inmate failed to allege use of force was malicious or in bad faith, which was element required to avoid correctional officer's privilege to use force to maintain security or safety).
Conclusion
We affirm the trial court's order of dismissal.