Opinion
13675 Index No. 304164/15 Case No. 2020-03708
05-25-2021
Reyes ALBERTO et al., Plaintiffs-Appellants-Respondents, v. DISANO DEMOLITION CO., INC., et al., Defendants-Respondents, Nick Sota, also known as Niko Sota, et al., Defendants-Respondents-Appellants.
Law Office of Robert F. Danzi, Jericho (Christine Coscia of counsel), for appellants-respondents. Furman Kornfeld & Brennan LLP, New York (Andrew S. Kowlowitz of counsel), for DiSano Demolition Co., Inc. and Anna Maria Oppedisano, respondents. Marshall Dennehey Warner Coleman & Goggin, New York (Richard Imbrogno of counsel), for Niko's Construction, Inc., respondent. Rankin Savidge, PLLC, Mineola (Carolyn S. Rankin of counsel), for Nick Sota and Manuela Sota, respondents-appellants.
Law Office of Robert F. Danzi, Jericho (Christine Coscia of counsel), for appellants-respondents.
Furman Kornfeld & Brennan LLP, New York (Andrew S. Kowlowitz of counsel), for DiSano Demolition Co., Inc. and Anna Maria Oppedisano, respondents.
Marshall Dennehey Warner Coleman & Goggin, New York (Richard Imbrogno of counsel), for Niko's Construction, Inc., respondent.
Rankin Savidge, PLLC, Mineola (Carolyn S. Rankin of counsel), for Nick Sota and Manuela Sota, respondents-appellants.
Gische, J.P., Kern, Mazzarelli, Kennedy, JJ.
Order, Supreme Court, Bronx County (Lucindo Suarez, J.), entered on or about February 19, 2020, which, to the extent appealed from as limited by the briefs, denied plaintiffs' motion for summary judgment as to liability under Labor Law §§ 240(1) and 241(6), granted defendants DiSano Demolition Co., Inc. (DiSano) and Anna Maria Oppedisano's (the DiSano defendants) cross motion for summary judgment dismissing the complaint as against them, and denied Nick Sota a/k/a Niko Sota (Niko) and Manuela Sota's (the Sota defendants) cross motion for summary judgment dismissing the complaint as against them, unanimously modified, on the law, to deny the DiSano defendants' motion as to the Labor Law § 240(1) claim as against DiSano, to grant, upon a search of the record, defendant Niko's Construction's motion for summary judgment dismissing the Labor Law § 241(6) claim as against it, and to grant the Sota defendants' motion as to the Labor Law §§ 240(1) and 241(6) claims against Manuela and the Labor Law § 241(6) claim as against Niko, and otherwise affirmed, without costs.
The Labor Law § 241(6) claim should be dismissed as against all defendants. The Industrial Code provisions relied upon are either insufficiently concrete or insufficiently specific to support a Labor Law § 241(6) claim (see 12 NYCRR 23–5.1 [b], [f]; Kosovrasti v. Epic [217] LLC, 96 A.D.3d 695, 696, 948 N.Y.S.2d 260 [1st Dept. 2012] ; Schiulaz v. Arnell Constr. Corp., 261 A.D.2d 247, 248, 690 N.Y.S.2d 226 [1st Dept. 1999] ), or are inapplicable (see 12 NYCRR 23–5.3 [g]). The claimed violations of OSHA and SSFI (Scaffolding, Shoring & Forming Institute, Inc.) standards and the 2008 New York City Building Code do not provide a basis for liability under Labor Law § 241(6) ( Garcia v. 225 E. 57th St. Owners, Inc. , 96 A.D.3d 88, 91, 942 N.Y.S.2d 533 [1st Dept. 2012] ["to establish liability under this provision, a plaintiff ‘must specifically plead and prove the violation of an applicable Industrial Code regulation’ "][internal citation omitted]; Miller v. Savarino Constr. Corp., 103 A.D.3d 1137, 1140, 959 N.Y.S.2d 318 [4th Dept. 2013] ).
In addition, the complaint was correctly dismissed as against Oppedisano because it is undisputed that she was an officer of DiSano and there is no evidence in the record to support piercing the corporate veil.
The Labor Law § 240(1) claim may not be dismissed summarily as against DiSano, because issues of fact exist as to whether DiSano was the general contractor on the project. Although work permits are not alone sufficient to establish general contractor status, they are not the only evidence relied upon (see Utica Mut. Ins. Co. v. Style Mgt. Assoc. Corp., 28 N.Y.3d 1018, 42 N.Y.S.3d 91, 65 N.E.3d 62 [2016] ; Kosovrasti, 96 A.D.3d at 695–96, 948 N.Y.S.2d 260 ). However, the Labor Law § 200 and common-law negligence claims were correctly dismissed as against DiSano because, even if it was the general contractor, there is no evidence that it exercised supervisory control over the injury-producing work (see Ross v. Curtis–Palmer Hydro–Elec. Co., 81 N.Y.2d 494, 505, 601 N.Y.S.2d 49, 618 N.E.2d 82 [1993] ; DaSilva v. Haks Engrs., Architects & Land Surveyors, P.C., 125 A.D.3d 480, 481–482, 4 N.Y.S.3d 162 [1st Dept. 2015] ).
Manuela's lack of supervisory authority exempts her from liability under the homeowner exemptions in Labor Law §§ 240(1) and 241(6). However, Manuela is not entitled to summary judgment dismissing the Labor Law § 200 and common-law negligence claims. We find that this case involves both means and methods and dangerous condition theories of liability. Although Manuela has established that she is not liable under a means and methods theory of liability, she has failed to make a prima facie showing under a dangerous condition theory of liability as she has not demonstrated that she did not have actual or constructive notice of a dangerous condition at the premises.
The Labor Law §§ 200, 240(1), and common-law negligence claims may not be dismissed summarily against Niko and, upon a search of the record, his business, Niko's Construction. Issues of fact exist as to whether either of these parties was the general contractor on the project, exercised supervisory control over the work and whether it was Niko's Construction workers who created the alleged dangerous condition by digging near the scaffold.