Opinion
October 26, 1931.
January 28, 1932.
Workmen's compensation — Employee — Injuries in course of employment — Evidence — Sufficiency — Abandonment of course of employment.
In a claim for compensation under the Workmen's Compensation Act, it appeared that the claimant was employed by the defendant as a car loader and that while riding on a mine locomotive on the defendant's premises, he was injured. The claimant testified that on the day of the accident he was notified that he would be required to work overtime that night and that shortly after the lunch hour he boarded the locomotive to go to a telephone to inform his wife of that fact and to get some tobacco. There was evidence that the claimant, at other times, rode the locomotive when his employment required him to go to other parts of the defendant's premises and that arrangements existed that when an employee worked overtime he could telephone his family that he would be late reaching home.
Held: (1) That the claimant's departure from his work was for the purpose of administering to his personal comfort and not an act wholly foreign to, and an abandonment of, his employment, and (2) that the decree of the court below reinstating the finding of the referee that the claimant was injured in the course of his employment and awarding compensation to the claimant will be affirmed.
An employee is entitled to compensation for every injury received on the premises of his employer during the hours of employment, regardless of whether he is actually required to be at the particular place where the injury occurred, so long as the nature of the employment demands the employee's presence there and there is nothing to show that he had virtually abandoned the course of his employment, or that he was, at the time of the accident, engaged in something wholly foreign thereto.
Appeal No. 188, October T., 1931, by defendant from decree of C.P., Northumberland County, February T., 1930, No. 388, in the case of William Adams v. Colonial Colliery Co.
Before TREXLER, P.J., KELLER, LINN, GAWTHROP, CUNNINGHAM and BALDRIGE, JJ. Affirmed.
Appeal from order of Workmen's Compensation Board refusing compensation. Before LLOYD, J.
The facts are stated in the opinion of the Superior Court.
The court reinstated the finding of the referee and affirmed the award of the referee. Defendant appealed.
Error assigned, among others, was the decree of the court.
F.B. Moser, and with him M.M. Burke, for appellant.
Roger J. Dever, for appellee.
Argued October 26, 1931.
The claimant in this compensation case was injured on January 28, 1929, by receiving a broken leg while in the employ of the appellant. He was a car loader and his duties took him to various parts of the premises, and on occasions required him to work overtime. On the day of the accident, the claimant was notified that he would be required to work overtime that night, and shortly after the lunch hour, he boarded a mine locomotive enroute to No. 6 slope, another part of the mine, for the purpose of telephoning his wife of his intention to work overtime and to get some tobacco. When his employment required him to go to other places on the premises he rode the locomotive upon which he was injured. From the testimony of another workman in the same line of duty, it appeared that arrangements existed that when an employee worked overtime he could telephone his family that he would be late reaching home.
The referee held that the claimant was injured in the course of employment and made an award. The compensation board, upon an appeal, reversed the decision of the referee, holding that the employee took himself out of the course of employment, and denied compensation. Claimant appealed to the court of common pleas, which set aside the decision of the board and reinstated the findings of the compensation referee.
This appeal raises the question whether the claimant's departure from his work was an act wholly foreign to, and an abandonment of, his employment, or whether it was merely an innocent or inconsequential departure from his place of duty: Leacock v. Susquehanna Collieries Co., 98 Pa. Super. 581. Employment is not broken by intervals of leisure, such as those taken for a meal, or to procure a drink, or refreshments, or food, or fresh air, or to rest in the shade, especially where the accident occurs on the employer's premises: Gurski v. Susquehanna Coal Co., 262 Pa. 1; Dzikowska v. Superior Steel Co., 259 Pa. 578; Blouss v. D.L. W.R.R. Co., 73 Pa. Super. 95; Granville v. Scranton Coal Co., 76 Pa. Super. 335; Bradley v. Congoleum Nairn, Inc., 92 Pa. Super. 374.
It has been frequently decided that the provision of the Workmen's Compensation Act is broad enough to include every injury received on the premises of the employer during the hours of employment, so long as the nature of employment demands the employee's presence there, regardless of whether he is actually required to be at the particular place where the injury occurred. These rulings are subject, however, to the provision that there is nothing to show that he had virtually abandoned the course of his employment, or that he was, at the time of the accident, engaged in something wholly foreign thereto: Callihan v. Montgomery, 272 Pa. 56, 63; Malky v. Kiskiminetas Val. Coal Co., 278 Pa. 552, 555. It is true that in Kuca v. Lehigh Val. Coal Co., 268 Pa. 163, 167, compensation was refused where the deceased deliberately left his regular working place and travelled some distance to another part of defendant's mine, entering an abandoned opening where he caused an explosion of gas. But there the facts indicate that the injured man had voluntarily left the course of his employment, whereas, here, they indicate the contrary.
We adopt the convincing reasoning in the opinion of the judge that "the act of the claimant in thus intending to inform his wife was reasonable, and perhaps a necessary precaution to insure his peace of mind, concerning the worries and anxieties of his wife, if his absence were not explained. Although not necessarily conducive to the purpose of his employment it would assuredly minister to his personal comfort and hence come within the class of injuries contemplated in the case of Dzikowska v. Superior Steel Company, supra. The evidence not only fails to disclose any intention to abandon the employment but to the contrary thereof, affirmatively establishes that there was no such intention. Moreover, a strong circumstance in claimant's favor lies in the fact that his act in leaving his work was not merely whimsical or capricious but dictated rather by the fact that the nature of his work called upon him to work overtime. In the absence of that circumstance the necessity for the mission would not have arisen and the accident probably would not have occurred. His act in leaving for the purpose indicated does not strike us as being unusual. Nor do we think that in so doing he took himself out of the course of his employment. We therefore conclude that the accident is within the meaning and intention of the Workmen's Compensation Act and the spirit of the decisions in the interpretation of that act and that compensation should be awarded."
Judgment is affirmed.