Opinion
No. 79CA0258
Decided July 26, 1979. Rehearing denied August 16, 1979. Certiorari granted October 22, 1979.
Automobile dealers appealed dismissal of their action challenging the validity of Department of Revenue regulation limiting the number of dealer license plates that may be issued to an automobile dealer.
Reversed
1. ADMINISTRATIVE LAW AND PROCEDURE — Department of Revenue Regulation — Limitation — Dealer License Plates — Inconsistent With Statute — Invalid. Department of Revenue regulation limiting the number of dealer license plates that may be issued to an automobile dealer, is inconsistent with § 42-3-116, C.R.S. 1973, which indicates that automobile dealers may obtain dealer plates for each vehicle they own, and accordingly, such regulation is invalid.
Appeal from the District Court of the City and County of Denver, Honorable Zita L. Weinshienk, Judge.
Jim Travis Tice, for plaintiffs-appellants.
J. D. MacFarlane, Attorney General, Richard F. Hennessey, Deputy, Edward G. Donovan, Special Assistant, Yvette P. Fossum, Assistant, for defendants-appellees.
Plaintiffs, automobile dealers licensed by the State of Colorado, filed this action challenging the validity of Department of Revenue Regulation 42-3-116.1. They contend that it is in excess of the Department's delegated authority and therefore invalid because it conflicts with the statute which it seeks to enforce. On stipulated facts, the court ruled as a matter of law that the regulation was proper, and dismissed the action. Plaintiffs appeal, and we reverse.
No issue was raised either in the trial court or on appeal as to standing of plaintiffs or any requirement of proving injury as a basis for bringing this action.
Section 42-1-204, C.R.S. 1973, delegates to the department the authority "to make uniform rules and regulations not inconsistent with articles 1 to 4 of this title to enforce the same." Pursuant to that delegation and to enforce the provisions of § 42-3-116(1), C.R.S. 1973 (1978 Cum. Supp.), the department promulgated regulation 42-3-116.1.
The statute provides:
"A . . . dealer in motor vehicles . . . operating any such vehicle upon any highway, in lieu of registering each vehicle, may obtain from the department . . . and attach to each such vehicle one number plate . . . . Any such plates so issued may . . . be transferred from one such vehicle to another . . . ."
The regulation provides as follows:
"DEALER PLATES. Each separate purchase of Dealer Plates will have to be accompanied by an authorization card issued by the Department of Revenue, Motor Vehicle Dealers Administration. Quantity of Dealer Plates purchased will be controlled as follows:
i) Each licensed motor vehicle dealer shall be allowed to purchase three (3) dealer plates per year.
ii) In addition to the plates issued pursuant to part (i) above, licensed motor vehicle dealers may purchase dealer plates as follows:
a) One (1) dealer plate may be purchased for each licensed salesman (other than a 'no fee' salesman) employed by the purchasing dealer;
b) Two (2) dealer plates may be purchased for the service facility located at the dealer's principal place of business;
c) One (1) dealer plate for each fifty (50) motor vehicles sold or exchanged during the twelve-month period preceding the purchase of dealer plates, or in the case of dealers not licensed during the twelve-month period preceding the purchase, one (1) dealer plate for each fifty (50) motor vehicles in said dealer's inventory at the time of the purchase of dealer plates.
iii) Dealership records and/or temporary permits must be presented to the Motor Vehicle Division as evidence of the number of motor vehicles sold or exchanged or in inventory."
The delegatory statute itself indicates that the department's rules and regulations must be consistent with the section they seek to enforce. Section 42-1-204, C.R.S. 1973. Cf. § 24-4-103(8)(a), C.R.S. 1973. Even in the absence of such a statutory restriction, however, agency rules and regulations are invalid if inconsistent with the statute under which they are promulgated. See Graham Furniture Co. v. Industrial Commission, 138 Colo. 244, 331 P.2d 507 (1958); United Buying Service, Inc. v. Department of Revenue, 37 Colo. App. 465, 548 P.2d 1286 (1976); Lorance v. Colorado State Board of Examiners of Architects, 35 Colo. App. 177, 532 P.2d 382 (1974).
It is apparent that the regulation involved in the instant case is invalid because it conflicts with the statute which it supposedly seeks to enforce. The statute, § 42-3-116, indicates that any vehicle (presumably, one held for sale) owned by a dealer and operated on the highway, need not be registered, but that the dealer may instead obtain dealer plates to be attached "to each such vehicle . . . ." See also § 42-3-123(8), C.R.S. 1973.
[1] Thus we hold that department of revenue regulation 42-3-116.1, limiting the number of dealer license plates that may be issued to an automobile dealer, is inconsistent with § 42-3-116, C.R.S. 1973, and is therefore invalid.
The department's argument that the regulation is consistent with the statute and within the scope of its delegated rule making authority is not well taken. It argues that the regulation promotes collection of automobile ownership tax by restricting the number of dealer plates issued, thus forcing dealers to register their vehicles as would any other citizen. However, the regulation could have more fully accomplished this purpose by prohibiting dealer plates altogether. Given the legislative intent as expressed in the statute, the department may no more regulate the number of dealer plates than it may prohibit them.
The abuses which the department contends surround the use of dealer plates may well exist. If so, the General Assembly has the authority to amend the statute. The department of revenue, however, may not do so by administrative rule or regulation.
Judgment reversed.
JUDGE COYTE concurs.
JUDGE STERNBERG dissents.